Ottoman Architecture Essay - 1029 Words

There are few things that actually do last. Legends, arts, beliefs, and architecture are among the few that actually do last. Architecture can be defined as a practice of constructing and designing a building project. However, the Islamic architecture has a distinctive range of both religious and secular styles that have been influenced by the Islamic culture. Furthermore, The structure of Islamic architecture that is used in mosques, tombs, palaces and fountains is unavoidable in sight. The relationship between early Islamic architecture and modern foundation of construction provides a penetrating overview of encompass of Islamic culture in Iran, Tunisia, India, and Turkey. However, Turkey was such a desirable region and preserved of the†¦show more content†¦The main building materials used in Ottoman architecture were baked brick, tiles, plaster, stained glass and clear glass, cut limestone, marble and wood. The most significant architect during the Ottoman Empire’s reign was Mimar Sinan. Sinan was the imperial architect of 3 Ottoman sultans, he was one of the advanced architects, he developed an acoustic design that made the echo clearer by doing special shapes of domes. According to Necipoglu (2005), during Sinan’s 50 years as an Imperial architect, he built a total of 477 buildings that range from mosques, colleges, bath houses, palaces, public kitchens and hospitals. His most known buildings are: the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul, the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne and Bath of Roxelana. During the ottoman empire, many masterpieces were built. One of the monumental buildings of the ottoman empire that is still remaining is the Suleymaniye Mosque. The Suleymaniye Mosque was designed by Sinan in which he tried to include the best features of Hagia Sophia in to an Islamic building (Sacred Destinations, 2011). Sacred Destinations (2011) asserted that the Mosque was constructed on the order of Sultan Suleiman and it is considered second largest and most wonderful mosque in Istanbul city. The main dome of this mosque is surrounded by four hundred smaller domes creating pyramidal effect (Goodwin, 1997). Moreover, the mosque also have fourShow MoreRelatedThe Capitals Of The Empire1673 Words   |  7 PagesEdirne and Constantinople the Turkish sultans transformed each of them to make their capital. Each one marked a stage in the development of the young Ottoman Empire. This gave the possibility to discover and learn from other cultures, like the Byzantines, but always in a way of reinterpretation, according to the characteristic of the Ottoman’s own architecture and culture. Although they are not too distant from each other, the three cities are very different. Bursa is situated at the foot of the OlympRead MoreHow Did The Ottoman Empire Differ From Earlier And The Middle East?1247 Words   |  5 Pages02/28/2016 Mid-Term How did the Ottoman Empire differ from earlier Islamic empires in the Middle East? The Ottoman Empire, or Ottoman Turkish, was one of the longest in history, having gone through the whole modern era and only come to an end with the end of World War I in 1918. The event that is commonly taken by historians as the inaugurator of the Modern age is the fall of Constantinople, the center of the Byzantine Empire, and was triggered by the Turkish-Ottoman. Also, you certainly heard aboutRead MoreWas Genocide Committed against the Armenian People in the Ottoman Empire During World War I1597 Words   |  6 PagesWAS GENOCIDE COMMITTED AGAINST THE ARMENIAN PEOPLE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING WORLD WAR I? In some countries, it is highly forbidden to mention the Armenian Genocide, which took place during the First World War with an approximate number of one and a half million Armenians exterminated. Currently around the world, there are still arguments whether genocide took place in the Ottoman Empire, targeting the Armenians. However, Turkey continues to firmly deny the fact that there was genocide, concedingRead MoreThe Empire Of The Ottoman Empire3539 Words   |  15 PagesThree of the greatest empire in the history the ottomans in turkey, the Safavids in Persia and the Mughals in the Indian subcontinent emerged in the Muslim world between the 14th and the 18th centuries. These three greatest empire resulted in a powerful cultural interaction. The empires expanded their power and thus Turkish, Mongol and Arab ways of life blended. It resulted in a flowering of Islamic culture that raised higher in the 16th centuries. The empires ruled through Islamic Sariah’s. TheyRead MoreEssay Early Contributions of Ancient Empires830 Words   |  4 Pagesproduced significant contributions in the areas of political systems and leadership, economic and technological developments, social structures, and the intellectual life, specifically art, music, literature, science, philosophy, and religion. The Ottomans drew strength from their origins as ghazis. The ghazi principle fueled their urge for conquest and then helped them to structure their developing society. The social structure of settled, urban Islamic society consisted of four social groupings:Read MoreThe Ottoman And Mughal Empires1388 Words   |  6 Pages1W1 14 October 2014 Ottoman and Mughal Empires People, places, and/or things come and go, changing from one thing to another or none at all. In other cases, it is just not people, places, and/or things, it can also be generations or empires. Empires are known to adopt similar traditions or beliefs from other empires. In addition, some empires have similar, but slightly different laws and/or goals. Two of the empires that were similar, but different is many ways are the Ottoman and Mughal EmpiresRead MoreA Man Of An Interesting Imagination By Evliya Celebi1721 Words   |  7 Pagescomprehensive account of the Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent in the seventeenth century . His obsession with detail and unending curiosity led to his through documentation of the sites that we visited during his travels. Unfortunately, beyond the travel accounts written by Çelebi himself, there is not much other documentation about the life of Çelebi. Despite this, his extensive account does shed light on Çelebi’s personality, and possibly the attitude of other Ottoman Turks during this time periodRead MoreWestern Civilization Of The Byzantine Empire1195 Words   |  5 Pagesthe year when the Ottomans overtake Constantinople.   The Ottomans conquered Constantinople because they desired to benefit from the trade routes that enriched the city.   After the conquering of Constantinople, Islam became the most feared nation.   Ã‚  Even as these wars and tradgedys struck there was still beauty with its arts and archietecture. The Byzantine Empire was the reinvented Rome with art, literature, and the beautiful architecture. Hagia Sophia was the most known architecture from the ByzantineRead MoreThe Selimiye Mosque1830 Words   |  8 PagesConstructed during the middle of the Ottoman Dynasty it remains a structure that highlights not only Ottoman architecture, but Islamic architecture. The Ottoman Empire has a long history spaning over 600 years. The Turks were first pushed from their home in Central Asian and relocated to Western Anatolia. Originally the Turks were a nomadic tribe living on the prairie. Osman Gazi ben Ertugrul or Osman I a Ghazi warrior founded what would become the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire acquired their footingRead MoreIslam, The Ottoman And Safavid Empire1528 Words   |  7 PagesIslam, the Ottoman and Safavid Empire Every empire that has ever been created constantly evolves. They will grow or they will diminish. Many empires cease to exist and some even start over under a different name. Throughout history, faith and religion have been at the core of almost every successful empire. There are a lot of factors that play into their faith. Two of the greatest empires to ever exist were the Ottoman and Safavid Empire. The Ottoman Empire was so large that it spanned from the Iranian

Essay on Mark Twain, The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn

In the novel by Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the two main characters, Huck and Jim, are strongly linked. Their relation is portrayed by various sides, some of them good and some others bad. But the essential interest of that relation is the way that uses the author to describe it. Even if he had often been misunderstood, Twain always implied a message behind the themes developed around Huck and Jim. The first encounter between Huck Finn and Jim is at the beginning of the book, when Huck’s friend, Tom Sawyer, tries to fool Jim, Miss Watson’s slave. Huck and Jim still don’t know each other, but Huck isn’t biased against the old slave. It’s an important point because, as racism was a widely held mentality in the South, we†¦show more content†¦Thus, early, in their relationship on Jacksons Island, Huck says to Jim, quot;This is nice. I wouldnt want to be nowhere else but here.quot; This feeling is in marked contrast with Hucks feelings concerning other people in the early part of the novel where he always is uncomfortable and wishes to leave them. The lack of comfort is also shared by Jim. As a slave, he truly feels like an outcast. Considering the context of the United States at that period, during the slavery conflict, we easily understand the situation of Jim. And one of the main ideas of this Mark Twain’s masterpiece deals with a multiracial couple’s story. The relationship between black and white was hardly accepted in the 1830’s. Such an adventure, two male characters, with opposite colour of skin, striking up a friendship, was considered as a provocation by the society. The author knows that very well and will try, through his two heroes, to denounce the drifting of the Nation. Irony is his main weapon against that obscurantism. He uses it as often as possible. For instance, on chapter XIV, Huck tries to explain to Jim why a Frenchman is a man, even if he speaks differently. The ironical feature comes from the fact that this black slave doesn’t understand the equality of all people, whereas h imself isn’t considered equal by the white. Besides, another ironical aspect is that we think first, in that chapter, that the white boy will civilize the blackShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to say just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the storyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novel

Companies Usually Challenges Of Logistics â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Companies Usually Challenges Of Logistics? Answer: Introduction The Waratah Coal Company is the wholly owned subsidiary company of the Mineralogy Pvt. Ltd. This organization was established in 2005 in Brisbane. The Company is listed daily in the Toronto Stock Exchange and Australia Stock Exchange as it is privatized and incorporated in the development of the coal mines and projects. This organization was offered to control the stake in the company by the Mineralogy Pvt. Ltd. In the year 2008, and since then this organization was allowed to have and control the ownership and stake of the company. The Waratah Company holds very huge and extensive rights and permits for exploring the coal miners in the Australia and various other cities and countries. The company aims at exploring huge coal mines and develops the coal projects. This organization has brought and energized a new energy in the thermal coals, which aims at uplifting the organizations name all over the world. This study underlines the project of Waratah with the Galilee. The Galilee is t he huge project where the large underground railway tracks are to be laid in order to transfer tons of coal. The railway track is laid from the Alpha to Abbot Point. This Waratah and Galille Project is the most significant project and this project was started after the formal grant of the Governor of the Queensland. The Waratah Company proposes to have $8.4 billion to formulate the Galilee Project. The Company is highly known and is given respect for growing the economic aspect of the Country in which it operates. The Company aims at increasing the economic health and wealth of Queensland. The Waratah operates very keenly in all the areas of Queensland in equally and efficiently uplifting up the strength of the country. The Galilee project is the huge project where a 500km railway track is to be built from Alpha to Abbot Point in order to transfer 40 standard gauge locomotives and 600 coal wagons from the point of origin. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to determine the logistics issues that are faced by the Waratah Coal Company. The company since has to lay a railway track, huge amount of heavy wagons and locomotives are required from an overseas supplier, thereby, supply chain management is highly required. The managers of the organization aim at planning the complete steps in order to safely and easily transfer the locomotives near Alpha to exhibit the Galilee project. The Waratah Coal Company wants to transfer thermal coals between the townships of Queenslands. It is highly important for the organization to build a railway track first to formulate the concerned project. The study aims at highlighting the logistical issues and challenges, Australian Customs Issues and the proposed recommendations for duly formulating the Galilee project. The Study also highlights the essential inland and sea freights, port activities and inspection services that are being carried in Australia while transferring the loc omotives and wagons from an overseas supplier. It can be stated that the purpose of the study is quite clear and thus states the various issues faced by the managers and their actions in accordance with the problems. Scope of the study The scope of the study is to deeply examine the challenges of transferring the locomotives from a supplier. The study has a wide scope as this lays down the various serious ailments that affect the organizations project due to the challenges of the logistics. The managers play a deep role in conducting the study as they are employed for carrying out the logistics and supply chain activities. The managers have to decide the actions that are to be taken in order to overcome such hurdles. This report has a broad scope as it highlights the activities and issues relating to the Australian Inspection Services and Australian Customs Issues (Waratah Coal, 2017). The project highlights the importance of logistics and supply chain management necessary for the organization in order to conduct its business activities. The Study aims at portraying the logistics issues in front of the CEO to make them understand regarding the serious issues faced by the organization while conducting the Galilee Pr oject. It can be stated that the study is highly focused and determined in respect to the issues faced by the Coal Company for laying the railway track and receiving the wagons and locomotives from the various suppliers. Logistics and Supply Chain Management This study highlights the concept of the logistics and supply chain management. This concept is highly necessary and important to be understood. Logistics is the process of managing the flow of the resources from the point of the origin to the final destination. It aims at managing the resources, people, information and necessary other equipments required to conduct the business activities at a place in order to provide customer services. It is also known as the art of managing the materials in the most effective and efficient manner (Marion, 2017). This involves the integration of the various functions such as inventory management, packaging, information management, warehousing and etc. Every organization has some special managers deployed in order to formulate the services of the logistics management. Logistics involve the management of the flow of the resources and materials through land, rail, air and sea. This study depicts the transfer of the material like locomotives from over seas to final destination. Also, it involves the management of the materials at the place of project to build the railway track. The managers must foresee the requirement of the materials and then manage the complete process in order to commence the desired project (Karakonam, 2013). The supply chain management is the process where the managers exhibit all the necessary steps and actions in order to provide and maintain a cordial link between the suppliers of the organization. This is the management of the supply chain between the organization and the various suppliers. This process involves inbound and outbound business activities required to commence the business. The delivery of the required resources to the final consumer through proper and effective management of the resources is the key element of the supply chain management. This management involves a wide range of functional areas that are carried out by the organization (Jass, 2012). According to the various researchers, it has been found that in order to increase the productivity of the organization, the company must aim at formulating and managing the logistics and supply chain of the organization. The Waratah Coal Company emphasizes on maintaining their logistics and supply chain in order to commence their Galilee project. They also aim at increasing the economic value of the country as well as the organization, thereby, they must take actions regarding the proper supply of the locomotives and wagons to their final destination from the overseas supplier Logistics Issues The Waratah Coal Company aims at completing its Galilee project, which involves the construction of the railway tracks in order to transfer the thermal coal within the township of Queensland. Also to preclude the project, the supply of locomotives and wagons are necessary from the overseas supplier, but various logistics and supply chain issues with the company. The managers aim at highlighting such key challenges to take necessary actions to overcome the problems in order to exhibit the Galillee project effectively and efficiently (Sarah, 2013). Following are the issues and the challenges that are seen by the managers and aims at bringing out such problems in front of the CEO of the Waratah Coal Company: Geographical Challenges: The geographical conditions in Australia highly affect the logistics of the Australian Companies. The urban and rural sector contributes to the logistical challenges. The heavy traffic congestions in the cities of Australia cause logistic challenges for the organizations. The company using road transport faces serious challenges in transporting their resources from one place to another, which disrupts the flow of the resources of the organizations. Waratah Company also uses the road facilities to transfer the coal from the ports to the final destination, which is the major problem. The toll roads in Australia affect the transportation logistics of the Waratah organization (Stewart, 2011). Regional Challenges: The major second challenge in Australia is the regional problems. First, the tyranny of the distance. The cities and towns located in Australia are far away from each other, which cause another problem for the companies working in Australia. The Waratah company being a mining organization, is situated in remote locations due to coals and mines, which face the problems of transferring the goods due to the distance of the town or port to the remote location of the coals and mines. The road conditions in Australia are no doubt better, but still the maintenance of the roads is quite expensive, which causes problems for the organizations who are indulged in longer journeys that may affect the resources and equipments (Rousseau, et al., 2012). Demographical Challenges: The Australian Companies face another logistics challenge relating to the management of the people. The demographics of the country affect the organizations. The older population and employees are resistant to new technologies and working conditions of the organization. The Waratah company since has employed the population of Australia in its organization, various problems and challenges in managing the people have been faced by the organization (Laux, 2013). Legislative Challenges: The Waratah Coal Company faces the legal challenges involved in Australia. The funding arrangements done by the Federal Government for the important issues such as health, education and infrastructure are a serious problem. The Government has not helped the Waratah Company in funding to build the infrastructure by constructing railway tracks. The Government does not fully fund the companies who are involved in building the roads and railways to operate their Since the Waratah Coal Company aims at importing locomotives and wagons from foreign suppliers, they have to obtain various permits from the AQIS to import such goods. Heavy restrictions are imposed on the materials imported from overseas. AQIS inspects all the incoming materials from the overseas suppliers of the Waratah Coal company, which is the major logistical challenge (Slatyer, 2001). Technological Challenges: Various new technologies have imposed a serious threat to the organizations working in Australia. The Waratah Company faces challenges in communicating with its overseas suppliers due to their dependence on old technology. The organizations are resistant to the change in the technologies, which causes other serious problem. Regional issues such as poor infrastructures and poor facilities of internet causes problems for the Coal Company to have access to the various suppliers and their management across the globe. Other challenges: The rise in fuel prices and security issues at the port are the various other challenges faced by the companies working in Australia. The Waratah Company also faces problems in building the railway tracks due to the initial poor construction of weak gauges, which causes another problem in building the railway tracks with the help of 40 gauges. Also, security challenges at importing 600 coal wagons and heavy locomotives are faced by the organization. Maintenance of roads and work also causes problems in the commencement of the Galilee project (Richards, 2014). Recommendations to the logistic challenges The above stated challenges have to be solved by the managers of the organization in order to properly manage the logistic ad supply chain management. Following are the recommendations to some of the key problems: Lobbying the government to ensure the Galillee project in order to build the proper infrastructure of the transport logistics. The lobbying groups will make a difference in funding disagreements by the government. Better planning and ensuring the effective regulations of the AQIS of the Waratah Coal Company will help in overcoming the legislative challenges faced by the organizations. Briefly understanding the quarantine restrictions by the organization will help in overcoming the customs issues (Council, 2014). Consideration of different transport modes and better driver management by the organization will help the organization in overcoming the regional challenges faced by the Waratah Coal Company. Being cautious about the road and railway signs will help in preventing the resources from the poor condition of the roads. Increased safety measures and development of new roads by the Government will help in facing the problems (Long Shah, 2014). Road changes to avoid traffic congestion, warehouse relocation, better route planning will help the organization in overcoming the urban challenges. Better management of the transport of the resources from the port to the remote warehouse locations will help in facing the hurdles faced by the Waratah Coal Company. Better employee management and upgradation of technology will help the organization in employing better staff and technological changes will help the organization in easily communicating with the overseas suppliers. The better training and additional support will also help in changing the current situation of the logistic challenges. Warehouse Management The Waratah Coal Company must aim at warehouse management, which is also a part of the logistics management. Effective management of the functions performed in the warehouse of the coal companies will help in better supply chain management. Better management of the inbound and outbound functions, operations like packaging, storing, stocking and maintaining the balance between the inventory levels will help in achieving the goals of overcoming the challenges of logistics management (WMS, 2014). Risk Management Risks are uncertainties that prevail in the business environment. The Waratah Coal Company must aim at assessing the risks involved in carrying out the Galilee project. The assessment of risks will help the organization in developing various methods and strategies that will help in overcoming the challenges that are faced by the organizations that may cause risks of any nature. Various tools and standards must be understood by the managers in order to manage such risks, which will help in proper and effective logistic and supply chain management. The management of logistics and supply chain management can only be obtained by assessing the persistent risks involved in transferring the heavy locomotives and wagons from the port to the final destination (Dittmann, 2014). Transportation risks, infrastructural risks, technological risks and various other risks must be carefully ascertained and managed . Conclusion It can be clearly concluded from the above stated study that the Waratah Coal Company faced logistic and supply chain management challenges while commencing Galillee Project. By effectively following the Australian Custom Issue and Quarantine measures, the Waratah company can easily manage the supply of heavy locomotives and wagons from overseas suppliers. The transfer of the heavy equipments from the port to the final destination by better route planning and increased signage will help the organization in preventing the resources from damage. Equitable funding from the Federal Government to the Waratah organization in constructing the infrastructure of the railway tracks will help in transferring the thermal coals from Alpha to Abbot Point. The upgradation and adoption of the new technologies by the Waratah Company will help them in reducing the challenges faced by them while maintaining relations with suppliers across the globe. Thereby, it can be stated that Waratah Company faced an immense number of logistic challenges, which can be faced by the company by taking above stated actions and from the help of the Government of Australia, the situation of the infrastructure, demographics and regional patterns can be changed. Also by maintaining the logistics and supply chain of the Waratah Company, the economic condition of the organization as well the country can be improved, which will result in better productivity. References Council, A. L., 2014. The Economic Significance of the Australian Logistics Industry, s.l.: s.n. Dittmann, P., 2014. Managing Risk in the Global Supply Chain, Available at: https://globalsupplychaininstitute.utk.edu/publications/documents/Risk.pdf Jass, 2012. Logistics. Theory and Practice, Available at: https://wwwmayr.in.tum.de/konferenzen/Jass08/courses/2/berseneva/paper_berseneva.pdf Karakonam, G., 2013. Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Available at: https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/logistics-and-supply-chain-management/article4709825.ece Laux, L., 2013. Four Reverse Logistics Problems: Solved, Available at: https://www.industryweek.com/logistics/four-reverse-logistics-problems-solved Long, M. Shah, C., 2014. Productivity and productivity growth in the australian transport and logistics industries, Available at: https://tlisc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/TL_103-Report_PRODUCTIVITY_D8.pdf Marion, G., 2017. Introduction to Supply Chain Management, Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/logistics-4073998 Richards, B., 2014. Transport And Logistics Insights: The road ahead, Available at: https://www.ferrierhodgson.com/au/-/media/ferrier/files/documents/publications/transport-and-logistics/transport-and-logistics-insights--january-2014.pdf Rousseau, F., Montaville , F. Videlaine, F., 2012. Challenges and winning models in logistics, Available at: https://www.bain.com/publications/articles/challenges-and-winning-models-in-logistics.aspx Sarah, 2013. Global Logistics: Challenges for expansion into emerging markets, Available at: https://www.logisticsmgmt.com/article/global_logistics_challenges_for_expansion_into_emerging_markets Slatyer, T., 2001. Logistics In Australia:A Preliminary Analysis: Bureau of Transport Economics, Available at: https://bitre.gov.au/publications/2001/files/wp_049.pdf Stewart, N., 2011. Australian Logistics Challenges And Solutions To Overcome Them, Available at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/35105/Stewart_Neil.pdf?sequence=1 Waratah Coal, 2017. Waratahcoal: Company profile. [Online] Available at: https://waratahcoal.com/corporate-profile/ WMS, 2014. Warehouse management system, Available at: https://www.warehouse-logistics.com/download/Flyer/GB_Flyer_Produkt_Solvo_001.pdf

Torture Is One Of The Most Barbaric Acts Of State Repression, And It C

Torture is one of the most barbaric acts of state repression, and it constitutes a direct and deliberate attack on the core of the human personality. Like slavery, it is an expression of the almost unlimited power of one individual over another. In the case of slavery, the human being is degraded to the condition of a non-human object deprived of legal personality. Torture aims to destroy human dignity and reduce the victim to the status of a passive tool in the hands of the torturer. In ancient and medieval times in Europe, torture was employed to aggravate criminal punishments, usually the death penalty, and to extort confessions. Its use was an officially accepted and legally regulated aspect of the criminal justice system. Torture was officially abolished in all European countries between 1750 and the 1830. Like the abolition of slavery, its suppression was the fruit of the humanism and rationalism of the Enlightenment. Although torture continued to be applied behind prison walls, there were comparably few allegation so it's systematic use in the lane nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Where as slavery and the slave trade were explicitly prohibited by a number of bilateral and multilateral treaties culminating in the 1926 Slavery convention. Torture was so much regarded as a phenomenon of the past that neither international human rights law nor even most domestic bills of rights of this period contained explicit prohibitions. Torture and other forms of cruel and degrading treatment or punishment are prohibited in various international treaties and agreements. These generally considered to have the force of law. Among them the Geneva Conventions of 1949, The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966 (CCPR), the 1984 UN Convention against Torture (CAT), The 1950 European Convention on Human Rights, The American Convention on Human Rights of 1969, and The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights of 1981. In addition article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 is generally regarded as part of customary international law. The Vienna Declaration and Program again confirmed in the strongest terms that freedom from torture is a right that must be protected under all circumstances. Despite this impressive evidence regarding the universality of the right of freedom questions are asked if whether this universal standard can be applied equally to all political systems, religious and cultural groups. The government of certain states claim that amputations and similar forms of corporal punishment provided for by Islamic law do not contravene the right of torture. While feminist groups around the world denounce female genital mutilation, many Africans view the practice as an expression of their traditional culture. In defining torture and other forms of inhuman treatment or punishment, one therefore has to strike universal minimum standards and the requirement to take political, social, religious and cultural particularities into account. This can only be done on a case-by-case basis by the competent international bodies. Torture and ill-treatment are prohibited by the South Korean Constitution and other domestic laws and since the late 1980s, the South Korean authorities have taken some steps to prevent its occurrence. Generally political prisoners now have access to their lawyers earlier; a small number of police officers have been prosecuted and tried for torturing detainees; and there have been cases in which the courts have ruled that confessions obtained under duress during interrogation were inadmissible as evidence at trial. But in practice the legislative, administrative, judicial and other measures in place have not been effective in preventing it. Changes are urgently needed in practices related to pre-trial detention, training of law enforcement officers and in the traditionally heavy reliance by police and judicial officials on confessions obtained during interrogation. There needs to be a more effective system for investigating complaints and reports of torture and ill-treatment ! and for compensating victims. The South Korean Government should make a declaration under Article 22 of the Convention against Torture, recognizing the competence of the Committee against Torture to receive individual complaints. Actions aimed at militating against torture needs to be conducted on two levels: (a) eradicating torture in the long term and (b) preventing of torture in the short term. A distinction is made between eradication and prevention as they imply