Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Ottoman Architecture Essay - 1029 Words

There are few things that actually do last. Legends, arts, beliefs, and architecture are among the few that actually do last. Architecture can be defined as a practice of constructing and designing a building project. However, the Islamic architecture has a distinctive range of both religious and secular styles that have been influenced by the Islamic culture. Furthermore, The structure of Islamic architecture that is used in mosques, tombs, palaces and fountains is unavoidable in sight. The relationship between early Islamic architecture and modern foundation of construction provides a penetrating overview of encompass of Islamic culture in Iran, Tunisia, India, and Turkey. However, Turkey was such a desirable region and preserved of the†¦show more content†¦The main building materials used in Ottoman architecture were baked brick, tiles, plaster, stained glass and clear glass, cut limestone, marble and wood. The most significant architect during the Ottoman Empire’s reign was Mimar Sinan. Sinan was the imperial architect of 3 Ottoman sultans, he was one of the advanced architects, he developed an acoustic design that made the echo clearer by doing special shapes of domes. According to Necipoglu (2005), during Sinan’s 50 years as an Imperial architect, he built a total of 477 buildings that range from mosques, colleges, bath houses, palaces, public kitchens and hospitals. His most known buildings are: the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul, the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne and Bath of Roxelana. During the ottoman empire, many masterpieces were built. One of the monumental buildings of the ottoman empire that is still remaining is the Suleymaniye Mosque. The Suleymaniye Mosque was designed by Sinan in which he tried to include the best features of Hagia Sophia in to an Islamic building (Sacred Destinations, 2011). Sacred Destinations (2011) asserted that the Mosque was constructed on the order of Sultan Suleiman and it is considered second largest and most wonderful mosque in Istanbul city. The main dome of this mosque is surrounded by four hundred smaller domes creating pyramidal effect (Goodwin, 1997). Moreover, the mosque also have fourShow MoreRelatedThe Capitals Of The Empire1673 Words   |  7 PagesEdirne and Constantinople the Turkish sultans transformed each of them to make their capital. Each one marked a stage in the development of the young Ottoman Empire. This gave the possibility to discover and learn from other cultures, like the Byzantines, but always in a way of reinterpretation, according to the characteristic of the Ottoman’s own architecture and culture. Although they are not too distant from each other, the three cities are very different. Bursa is situated at the foot of the OlympRead MoreHow Did The Ottoman Empire Differ From Earlier And The Middle East?1247 Words   |  5 Pages02/28/2016 Mid-Term How did the Ottoman Empire differ from earlier Islamic empires in the Middle East? The Ottoman Empire, or Ottoman Turkish, was one of the longest in history, having gone through the whole modern era and only come to an end with the end of World War I in 1918. The event that is commonly taken by historians as the inaugurator of the Modern age is the fall of Constantinople, the center of the Byzantine Empire, and was triggered by the Turkish-Ottoman. Also, you certainly heard aboutRead MoreWas Genocide Committed against the Armenian People in the Ottoman Empire During World War I1597 Words   |  6 PagesWAS GENOCIDE COMMITTED AGAINST THE ARMENIAN PEOPLE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING WORLD WAR I? In some countries, it is highly forbidden to mention the Armenian Genocide, which took place during the First World War with an approximate number of one and a half million Armenians exterminated. Currently around the world, there are still arguments whether genocide took place in the Ottoman Empire, targeting the Armenians. However, Turkey continues to firmly deny the fact that there was genocide, concedingRead MoreThe Empire Of The Ottoman Empire3539 Words   |  15 PagesThree of the greatest empire in the history the ottomans in turkey, the Safavids in Persia and the Mughals in the Indian subcontinent emerged in the Muslim world between the 14th and the 18th centuries. These three greatest empire resulted in a powerful cultural interaction. The empires expanded their power and thus Turkish, Mongol and Arab ways of life blended. It resulted in a flowering of Islamic culture that raised higher in the 16th centuries. The empires ruled through Islamic Sariah’s. TheyRead MoreEssay Early Contributions of Ancient Empires830 Words   |  4 Pagesproduced significant contributions in the areas of political systems and leadership, economic and technological developments, social structures, and the intellectual life, specifically art, music, literature, science, philosophy, and religion. The Ottomans drew strength from their origins as ghazis. The ghazi principle fueled their urge for conquest and then helped them to structure their developing society. The social structure of settled, urban Islamic society consisted of four social groupings:Read MoreThe Ottoman And Mughal Empires1388 Words   |  6 Pages1W1 14 October 2014 Ottoman and Mughal Empires People, places, and/or things come and go, changing from one thing to another or none at all. In other cases, it is just not people, places, and/or things, it can also be generations or empires. Empires are known to adopt similar traditions or beliefs from other empires. In addition, some empires have similar, but slightly different laws and/or goals. Two of the empires that were similar, but different is many ways are the Ottoman and Mughal EmpiresRead MoreA Man Of An Interesting Imagination By Evliya Celebi1721 Words   |  7 Pagescomprehensive account of the Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent in the seventeenth century . His obsession with detail and unending curiosity led to his through documentation of the sites that we visited during his travels. Unfortunately, beyond the travel accounts written by Çelebi himself, there is not much other documentation about the life of Çelebi. Despite this, his extensive account does shed light on Çelebi’s personality, and possibly the attitude of other Ottoman Turks during this time periodRead MoreWestern Civilization Of The Byzantine Empire1195 Words   |  5 Pagesthe year when the Ottomans overtake Constantinople.   The Ottomans conquered Constantinople because they desired to benefit from the trade routes that enriched the city.   After the conquering of Constantinople, Islam became the most feared nation.   Ã‚  Even as these wars and tradgedys struck there was still beauty with its arts and archietecture. The Byzantine Empire was the reinvented Rome with art, literature, and the beautiful architecture. Hagia Sophia was the most known architecture from the ByzantineRead MoreThe Selimiye Mosque1830 Words   |  8 PagesConstructed during the middle of the Ottoman Dynasty it remains a structure that highlights not only Ottoman architecture, but Islamic architecture. The Ottoman Empire has a long history spaning over 600 years. The Turks were first pushed from their home in Central Asian and relocated to Western Anatolia. Originally the Turks were a nomadic tribe living on the prairie. Osman Gazi ben Ertugrul or Osman I a Ghazi warrior founded what would become the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire acquired their footingRead MoreIslam, The Ottoman And Safavid Empire1528 Words   |  7 PagesIslam, the Ottoman and Safavid Empire Every empire that has ever been created constantly evolves. They will grow or they will diminish. Many empires cease to exist and some even start over under a different name. Throughout history, faith and religion have been at the core of almost every successful empire. There are a lot of factors that play into their faith. Two of the greatest empires to ever exist were the Ottoman and Safavid Empire. The Ottoman Empire was so large that it spanned from the Iranian

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Essay on Mark Twain, The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn

In the novel by Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the two main characters, Huck and Jim, are strongly linked. Their relation is portrayed by various sides, some of them good and some others bad. But the essential interest of that relation is the way that uses the author to describe it. Even if he had often been misunderstood, Twain always implied a message behind the themes developed around Huck and Jim. The first encounter between Huck Finn and Jim is at the beginning of the book, when Huck’s friend, Tom Sawyer, tries to fool Jim, Miss Watson’s slave. Huck and Jim still don’t know each other, but Huck isn’t biased against the old slave. It’s an important point because, as racism was a widely held mentality in the South, we†¦show more content†¦Thus, early, in their relationship on Jacksons Island, Huck says to Jim, quot;This is nice. I wouldnt want to be nowhere else but here.quot; This feeling is in marked contrast with Hucks feelings concerning other people in the early part of the novel where he always is uncomfortable and wishes to leave them. The lack of comfort is also shared by Jim. As a slave, he truly feels like an outcast. Considering the context of the United States at that period, during the slavery conflict, we easily understand the situation of Jim. And one of the main ideas of this Mark Twain’s masterpiece deals with a multiracial couple’s story. The relationship between black and white was hardly accepted in the 1830’s. Such an adventure, two male characters, with opposite colour of skin, striking up a friendship, was considered as a provocation by the society. The author knows that very well and will try, through his two heroes, to denounce the drifting of the Nation. Irony is his main weapon against that obscurantism. He uses it as often as possible. For instance, on chapter XIV, Huck tries to explain to Jim why a Frenchman is a man, even if he speaks differently. The ironical feature comes from the fact that this black slave doesn’t understand the equality of all people, whereas h imself isn’t considered equal by the white. Besides, another ironical aspect is that we think first, in that chapter, that the white boy will civilize the blackShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to say just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the storyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novel

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Companies Usually Challenges Of Logistics â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Companies Usually Challenges Of Logistics? Answer: Introduction The Waratah Coal Company is the wholly owned subsidiary company of the Mineralogy Pvt. Ltd. This organization was established in 2005 in Brisbane. The Company is listed daily in the Toronto Stock Exchange and Australia Stock Exchange as it is privatized and incorporated in the development of the coal mines and projects. This organization was offered to control the stake in the company by the Mineralogy Pvt. Ltd. In the year 2008, and since then this organization was allowed to have and control the ownership and stake of the company. The Waratah Company holds very huge and extensive rights and permits for exploring the coal miners in the Australia and various other cities and countries. The company aims at exploring huge coal mines and develops the coal projects. This organization has brought and energized a new energy in the thermal coals, which aims at uplifting the organizations name all over the world. This study underlines the project of Waratah with the Galilee. The Galilee is t he huge project where the large underground railway tracks are to be laid in order to transfer tons of coal. The railway track is laid from the Alpha to Abbot Point. This Waratah and Galille Project is the most significant project and this project was started after the formal grant of the Governor of the Queensland. The Waratah Company proposes to have $8.4 billion to formulate the Galilee Project. The Company is highly known and is given respect for growing the economic aspect of the Country in which it operates. The Company aims at increasing the economic health and wealth of Queensland. The Waratah operates very keenly in all the areas of Queensland in equally and efficiently uplifting up the strength of the country. The Galilee project is the huge project where a 500km railway track is to be built from Alpha to Abbot Point in order to transfer 40 standard gauge locomotives and 600 coal wagons from the point of origin. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to determine the logistics issues that are faced by the Waratah Coal Company. The company since has to lay a railway track, huge amount of heavy wagons and locomotives are required from an overseas supplier, thereby, supply chain management is highly required. The managers of the organization aim at planning the complete steps in order to safely and easily transfer the locomotives near Alpha to exhibit the Galilee project. The Waratah Coal Company wants to transfer thermal coals between the townships of Queenslands. It is highly important for the organization to build a railway track first to formulate the concerned project. The study aims at highlighting the logistical issues and challenges, Australian Customs Issues and the proposed recommendations for duly formulating the Galilee project. The Study also highlights the essential inland and sea freights, port activities and inspection services that are being carried in Australia while transferring the loc omotives and wagons from an overseas supplier. It can be stated that the purpose of the study is quite clear and thus states the various issues faced by the managers and their actions in accordance with the problems. Scope of the study The scope of the study is to deeply examine the challenges of transferring the locomotives from a supplier. The study has a wide scope as this lays down the various serious ailments that affect the organizations project due to the challenges of the logistics. The managers play a deep role in conducting the study as they are employed for carrying out the logistics and supply chain activities. The managers have to decide the actions that are to be taken in order to overcome such hurdles. This report has a broad scope as it highlights the activities and issues relating to the Australian Inspection Services and Australian Customs Issues (Waratah Coal, 2017). The project highlights the importance of logistics and supply chain management necessary for the organization in order to conduct its business activities. The Study aims at portraying the logistics issues in front of the CEO to make them understand regarding the serious issues faced by the organization while conducting the Galilee Pr oject. It can be stated that the study is highly focused and determined in respect to the issues faced by the Coal Company for laying the railway track and receiving the wagons and locomotives from the various suppliers. Logistics and Supply Chain Management This study highlights the concept of the logistics and supply chain management. This concept is highly necessary and important to be understood. Logistics is the process of managing the flow of the resources from the point of the origin to the final destination. It aims at managing the resources, people, information and necessary other equipments required to conduct the business activities at a place in order to provide customer services. It is also known as the art of managing the materials in the most effective and efficient manner (Marion, 2017). This involves the integration of the various functions such as inventory management, packaging, information management, warehousing and etc. Every organization has some special managers deployed in order to formulate the services of the logistics management. Logistics involve the management of the flow of the resources and materials through land, rail, air and sea. This study depicts the transfer of the material like locomotives from over seas to final destination. Also, it involves the management of the materials at the place of project to build the railway track. The managers must foresee the requirement of the materials and then manage the complete process in order to commence the desired project (Karakonam, 2013). The supply chain management is the process where the managers exhibit all the necessary steps and actions in order to provide and maintain a cordial link between the suppliers of the organization. This is the management of the supply chain between the organization and the various suppliers. This process involves inbound and outbound business activities required to commence the business. The delivery of the required resources to the final consumer through proper and effective management of the resources is the key element of the supply chain management. This management involves a wide range of functional areas that are carried out by the organization (Jass, 2012). According to the various researchers, it has been found that in order to increase the productivity of the organization, the company must aim at formulating and managing the logistics and supply chain of the organization. The Waratah Coal Company emphasizes on maintaining their logistics and supply chain in order to commence their Galilee project. They also aim at increasing the economic value of the country as well as the organization, thereby, they must take actions regarding the proper supply of the locomotives and wagons to their final destination from the overseas supplier Logistics Issues The Waratah Coal Company aims at completing its Galilee project, which involves the construction of the railway tracks in order to transfer the thermal coal within the township of Queensland. Also to preclude the project, the supply of locomotives and wagons are necessary from the overseas supplier, but various logistics and supply chain issues with the company. The managers aim at highlighting such key challenges to take necessary actions to overcome the problems in order to exhibit the Galillee project effectively and efficiently (Sarah, 2013). Following are the issues and the challenges that are seen by the managers and aims at bringing out such problems in front of the CEO of the Waratah Coal Company: Geographical Challenges: The geographical conditions in Australia highly affect the logistics of the Australian Companies. The urban and rural sector contributes to the logistical challenges. The heavy traffic congestions in the cities of Australia cause logistic challenges for the organizations. The company using road transport faces serious challenges in transporting their resources from one place to another, which disrupts the flow of the resources of the organizations. Waratah Company also uses the road facilities to transfer the coal from the ports to the final destination, which is the major problem. The toll roads in Australia affect the transportation logistics of the Waratah organization (Stewart, 2011). Regional Challenges: The major second challenge in Australia is the regional problems. First, the tyranny of the distance. The cities and towns located in Australia are far away from each other, which cause another problem for the companies working in Australia. The Waratah company being a mining organization, is situated in remote locations due to coals and mines, which face the problems of transferring the goods due to the distance of the town or port to the remote location of the coals and mines. The road conditions in Australia are no doubt better, but still the maintenance of the roads is quite expensive, which causes problems for the organizations who are indulged in longer journeys that may affect the resources and equipments (Rousseau, et al., 2012). Demographical Challenges: The Australian Companies face another logistics challenge relating to the management of the people. The demographics of the country affect the organizations. The older population and employees are resistant to new technologies and working conditions of the organization. The Waratah company since has employed the population of Australia in its organization, various problems and challenges in managing the people have been faced by the organization (Laux, 2013). Legislative Challenges: The Waratah Coal Company faces the legal challenges involved in Australia. The funding arrangements done by the Federal Government for the important issues such as health, education and infrastructure are a serious problem. The Government has not helped the Waratah Company in funding to build the infrastructure by constructing railway tracks. The Government does not fully fund the companies who are involved in building the roads and railways to operate their Since the Waratah Coal Company aims at importing locomotives and wagons from foreign suppliers, they have to obtain various permits from the AQIS to import such goods. Heavy restrictions are imposed on the materials imported from overseas. AQIS inspects all the incoming materials from the overseas suppliers of the Waratah Coal company, which is the major logistical challenge (Slatyer, 2001). Technological Challenges: Various new technologies have imposed a serious threat to the organizations working in Australia. The Waratah Company faces challenges in communicating with its overseas suppliers due to their dependence on old technology. The organizations are resistant to the change in the technologies, which causes other serious problem. Regional issues such as poor infrastructures and poor facilities of internet causes problems for the Coal Company to have access to the various suppliers and their management across the globe. Other challenges: The rise in fuel prices and security issues at the port are the various other challenges faced by the companies working in Australia. The Waratah Company also faces problems in building the railway tracks due to the initial poor construction of weak gauges, which causes another problem in building the railway tracks with the help of 40 gauges. Also, security challenges at importing 600 coal wagons and heavy locomotives are faced by the organization. Maintenance of roads and work also causes problems in the commencement of the Galilee project (Richards, 2014). Recommendations to the logistic challenges The above stated challenges have to be solved by the managers of the organization in order to properly manage the logistic ad supply chain management. Following are the recommendations to some of the key problems: Lobbying the government to ensure the Galillee project in order to build the proper infrastructure of the transport logistics. The lobbying groups will make a difference in funding disagreements by the government. Better planning and ensuring the effective regulations of the AQIS of the Waratah Coal Company will help in overcoming the legislative challenges faced by the organizations. Briefly understanding the quarantine restrictions by the organization will help in overcoming the customs issues (Council, 2014). Consideration of different transport modes and better driver management by the organization will help the organization in overcoming the regional challenges faced by the Waratah Coal Company. Being cautious about the road and railway signs will help in preventing the resources from the poor condition of the roads. Increased safety measures and development of new roads by the Government will help in facing the problems (Long Shah, 2014). Road changes to avoid traffic congestion, warehouse relocation, better route planning will help the organization in overcoming the urban challenges. Better management of the transport of the resources from the port to the remote warehouse locations will help in facing the hurdles faced by the Waratah Coal Company. Better employee management and upgradation of technology will help the organization in employing better staff and technological changes will help the organization in easily communicating with the overseas suppliers. The better training and additional support will also help in changing the current situation of the logistic challenges. Warehouse Management The Waratah Coal Company must aim at warehouse management, which is also a part of the logistics management. Effective management of the functions performed in the warehouse of the coal companies will help in better supply chain management. Better management of the inbound and outbound functions, operations like packaging, storing, stocking and maintaining the balance between the inventory levels will help in achieving the goals of overcoming the challenges of logistics management (WMS, 2014). Risk Management Risks are uncertainties that prevail in the business environment. The Waratah Coal Company must aim at assessing the risks involved in carrying out the Galilee project. The assessment of risks will help the organization in developing various methods and strategies that will help in overcoming the challenges that are faced by the organizations that may cause risks of any nature. Various tools and standards must be understood by the managers in order to manage such risks, which will help in proper and effective logistic and supply chain management. The management of logistics and supply chain management can only be obtained by assessing the persistent risks involved in transferring the heavy locomotives and wagons from the port to the final destination (Dittmann, 2014). Transportation risks, infrastructural risks, technological risks and various other risks must be carefully ascertained and managed . Conclusion It can be clearly concluded from the above stated study that the Waratah Coal Company faced logistic and supply chain management challenges while commencing Galillee Project. By effectively following the Australian Custom Issue and Quarantine measures, the Waratah company can easily manage the supply of heavy locomotives and wagons from overseas suppliers. The transfer of the heavy equipments from the port to the final destination by better route planning and increased signage will help the organization in preventing the resources from damage. Equitable funding from the Federal Government to the Waratah organization in constructing the infrastructure of the railway tracks will help in transferring the thermal coals from Alpha to Abbot Point. The upgradation and adoption of the new technologies by the Waratah Company will help them in reducing the challenges faced by them while maintaining relations with suppliers across the globe. Thereby, it can be stated that Waratah Company faced an immense number of logistic challenges, which can be faced by the company by taking above stated actions and from the help of the Government of Australia, the situation of the infrastructure, demographics and regional patterns can be changed. Also by maintaining the logistics and supply chain of the Waratah Company, the economic condition of the organization as well the country can be improved, which will result in better productivity. References Council, A. L., 2014. The Economic Significance of the Australian Logistics Industry, s.l.: s.n. Dittmann, P., 2014. Managing Risk in the Global Supply Chain, Available at: https://globalsupplychaininstitute.utk.edu/publications/documents/Risk.pdf Jass, 2012. Logistics. Theory and Practice, Available at: https://wwwmayr.in.tum.de/konferenzen/Jass08/courses/2/berseneva/paper_berseneva.pdf Karakonam, G., 2013. Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Available at: https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/logistics-and-supply-chain-management/article4709825.ece Laux, L., 2013. Four Reverse Logistics Problems: Solved, Available at: https://www.industryweek.com/logistics/four-reverse-logistics-problems-solved Long, M. Shah, C., 2014. Productivity and productivity growth in the australian transport and logistics industries, Available at: https://tlisc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/TL_103-Report_PRODUCTIVITY_D8.pdf Marion, G., 2017. Introduction to Supply Chain Management, Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/logistics-4073998 Richards, B., 2014. Transport And Logistics Insights: The road ahead, Available at: https://www.ferrierhodgson.com/au/-/media/ferrier/files/documents/publications/transport-and-logistics/transport-and-logistics-insights--january-2014.pdf Rousseau, F., Montaville , F. Videlaine, F., 2012. Challenges and winning models in logistics, Available at: https://www.bain.com/publications/articles/challenges-and-winning-models-in-logistics.aspx Sarah, 2013. Global Logistics: Challenges for expansion into emerging markets, Available at: https://www.logisticsmgmt.com/article/global_logistics_challenges_for_expansion_into_emerging_markets Slatyer, T., 2001. Logistics In Australia:A Preliminary Analysis: Bureau of Transport Economics, Available at: https://bitre.gov.au/publications/2001/files/wp_049.pdf Stewart, N., 2011. Australian Logistics Challenges And Solutions To Overcome Them, Available at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/35105/Stewart_Neil.pdf?sequence=1 Waratah Coal, 2017. Waratahcoal: Company profile. [Online] Available at: https://waratahcoal.com/corporate-profile/ WMS, 2014. Warehouse management system, Available at: https://www.warehouse-logistics.com/download/Flyer/GB_Flyer_Produkt_Solvo_001.pdf

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Torture Is One Of The Most Barbaric Acts Of State Repression, And It C

Torture is one of the most barbaric acts of state repression, and it constitutes a direct and deliberate attack on the core of the human personality. Like slavery, it is an expression of the almost unlimited power of one individual over another. In the case of slavery, the human being is degraded to the condition of a non-human object deprived of legal personality. Torture aims to destroy human dignity and reduce the victim to the status of a passive tool in the hands of the torturer. In ancient and medieval times in Europe, torture was employed to aggravate criminal punishments, usually the death penalty, and to extort confessions. Its use was an officially accepted and legally regulated aspect of the criminal justice system. Torture was officially abolished in all European countries between 1750 and the 1830. Like the abolition of slavery, its suppression was the fruit of the humanism and rationalism of the Enlightenment. Although torture continued to be applied behind prison walls, there were comparably few allegation so it's systematic use in the lane nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Where as slavery and the slave trade were explicitly prohibited by a number of bilateral and multilateral treaties culminating in the 1926 Slavery convention. Torture was so much regarded as a phenomenon of the past that neither international human rights law nor even most domestic bills of rights of this period contained explicit prohibitions. Torture and other forms of cruel and degrading treatment or punishment are prohibited in various international treaties and agreements. These generally considered to have the force of law. Among them the Geneva Conventions of 1949, The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966 (CCPR), the 1984 UN Convention against Torture (CAT), The 1950 European Convention on Human Rights, The American Convention on Human Rights of 1969, and The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights of 1981. In addition article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 is generally regarded as part of customary international law. The Vienna Declaration and Program again confirmed in the strongest terms that freedom from torture is a right that must be protected under all circumstances. Despite this impressive evidence regarding the universality of the right of freedom questions are asked if whether this universal standard can be applied equally to all political systems, religious and cultural groups. The government of certain states claim that amputations and similar forms of corporal punishment provided for by Islamic law do not contravene the right of torture. While feminist groups around the world denounce female genital mutilation, many Africans view the practice as an expression of their traditional culture. In defining torture and other forms of inhuman treatment or punishment, one therefore has to strike universal minimum standards and the requirement to take political, social, religious and cultural particularities into account. This can only be done on a case-by-case basis by the competent international bodies. Torture and ill-treatment are prohibited by the South Korean Constitution and other domestic laws and since the late 1980s, the South Korean authorities have taken some steps to prevent its occurrence. Generally political prisoners now have access to their lawyers earlier; a small number of police officers have been prosecuted and tried for torturing detainees; and there have been cases in which the courts have ruled that confessions obtained under duress during interrogation were inadmissible as evidence at trial. But in practice the legislative, administrative, judicial and other measures in place have not been effective in preventing it. Changes are urgently needed in practices related to pre-trial detention, training of law enforcement officers and in the traditionally heavy reliance by police and judicial officials on confessions obtained during interrogation. There needs to be a more effective system for investigating complaints and reports of torture and ill-treatment ! and for compensating victims. The South Korean Government should make a declaration under Article 22 of the Convention against Torture, recognizing the competence of the Committee against Torture to receive individual complaints. Actions aimed at militating against torture needs to be conducted on two levels: (a) eradicating torture in the long term and (b) preventing of torture in the short term. A distinction is made between eradication and prevention as they imply

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Safety of Women and Workplace Health Issues

Safety of Women and Workplace Health Issues For the last fifty years, workforce in the U.S has experienced numerous changes. Although the number of men in the workforce is still higher than that of women, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of working women. For instance, the percentage was thirty four in the 1950s and this has increased to sixty percent today.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Safety of Women and Workplace Health Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These are clearly impressive statistics that prove that women have taken their rightful positions in the workplace. This probably can be attributed to various reasons. For instance, women nowadays do not get married as early as they used to in the past, they also take a longer period of time in advancing their education and bear fewer children. A great number of them nowadays continue with their working life as well as attending to the roles that are traditionally associated with p arents (Womens Safety and Health Issues at Work 1). At the workplace, women are faced by many challenges that are not faced by their male counterparts. This is partially due to the fact that men and women do not specialize in the same jobs. They usually have different types of jobs. Generally, there are work related cases that are associated with women. Some of them include respiratory diseases, carpal tunnel syndrome, stress disorders, infectious diseases caused by parasites and anxiety. In addition, women are exposed to risks of illness and injuries at the workplace as a result of social, cultural and economic factors. Some of the social factors may include marital problems and pressing family needs while economic ones include lack of enough finances to meet basic needs or bad debts. For example, a higher number of women than men take up part-time or contractual jobs. Contingent work is also in most cases associated with women. When compared with individuals who work in traditiona l job settings, contingent workers are lowly paid and enjoy limited benefits. Most women do not have the confidence to raise safety issues since they believe that such actions could cost them their jobs or be exposed to unbearable working conditions. This is a characteristic of all employees who work in jobs that are insecure.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also common that they fear reporting injuries sustained at the workplace. In the American workforce, women from foreign countries popularly referred to as immigrants are vulnerable to workplace risks. They experience problems due to the immigrant status they carry and also issues as they try to balance family life and work. They work in places that expose them to a higher rate of injuries as compared to their native counterparts. Sexual harassment may be the root cause of depression, anxiety, low self-est eem and headaches among other complications (Womens Safety and Health Issues at Work 3). In my opinion, most women carry heavy burdens as they try to balance family responsibilities and work. This stresses them since they have to take care of children and the elderly. Women who find themselves in such situations may be at the risk of developing many physical and mental complications. It is important for the relevant government departments to ensure that workplace discrimination does not exist. There should also be adequate safety mechanisms in all workplaces especially in industries where women have higher chances of getting injured. In the event of any injury at the workplace, organizations should take full responsibility in ensuring that the victims get medical attention and eventual compensation. Womens Safety and Health Issues at Work 2012. Web. https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2013/05/13/womens-health-at-work/.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Understanding Assonance 6 Examples, Analyzed

Understanding Assonance 6 Examples, Analyzed SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Analyzing literature can be pretty confusing, especially if you’re reading something that’s pretty complicated. That’s why it’s important to understand literary devices, which are tools designed to help you unlock the meaning of a text. Think of literary devices like tools in a toolbox. Each device has a different use, so it’s important that you have a bunch of different options to choose from...especially when you’re crunched for time, like during an AP Literature exam. That’s why we’re going to teach you everything you need to know about assonance, which is a literary device that helps a writer create both rhythm and tone. To do this, we’ll: Define assonance and talk about why it’s helpful in analyzing literature, Walk you through assonance examples in poetry and prose, and Give you four expert tips to help you find an analyze assonance in any text. Ready? Let’s dive in! What Is Assonance: Definition and Meaning What is assonance, exactly? Luckily, the assonance definition is pretty straightforward! Assonance is defined as the repetition of similar vowel sounds within words, phrases, or sentences. (Remember that vowels are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y.) When the same vowel sound is repeated multiple times in close proximity, you’ve found assonance. The best way to understand how assonance works is to see it in action. Let’s look at the following sentence: The squeaky wheel gets the grease. Read this sentence a few times. What vowel sound do you hear repeatedly? The answer: the long "e" sound (which you hear in words like â€Å"eek† and â€Å"creek†). Here’s the sentence again where we’ve bolded the repeated vowel sounds: The squeaky wheel gets the grease. As you can see, the long "e" sound repeats four times in the line, which is a textbook example of assonance! Want another example? Check out this clip from My Fair Lady, which has a whole song that revolves around assonance: Did you hear the assonance in the line, â€Å"the rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain†? Eliza Doolittle really helps that long â€Å"a† vowel sound shine! How Does Assonance Help You Analyze Literature? Now that you know what assonance is, you’re probably wondering how it helps you analyze literature. There are three major ways assonance works: by creating rhythm, drawing attention to specific words, and by shaping the tone- or feeling- of the work. How Assonance Creates Rhythm Because assonance involves repetition, it can be used to create rhythm. This is especially important in poetry, where the rhythm often affects the meaning of the poem. Take these lines from Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Raven,† for instance: And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; There’s quite a bit of assonance here, especially with the short â€Å"i† sound, which we’ve highlighted in bold above. The assonance gives the poem a drumming, march-like rhythm that mimics the terrified pounding of the speaker’s heart! How Assonance Draws Attention to Specific Words Secondly, the repetitive nature of assonance draws the reader’s attention to those words and phrases. In some cases, it can be the equivalent of the writer waving a red flag at the reader, signalling that there’s something important going on in that part of the text. Let’s look at the first two lines of William Wordsworth’s â€Å"Daffodils† to see this in action: I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, Here, the assonance is in the long â€Å"o† sound, and it draws your attention to an important simile in the poem. In this comparison, the speaker imagines himself as a â€Å"lonely† cloud that â€Å"floats† high â€Å"o’er† the landscape. Through assonance, the speaker reveals that he sees himself as separate and isolated from the world around him. How Assonance Shapes Tone and Meaning Writers also use assonance to help create tones, or feelings, in their work. By stringing together different words and vowel sounds, writers can evoke everything from happiness to fear. Here’s an example of this at work in Dylan Thomas’ â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night†: Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage, against the dying of the light To see how this creates a tone, try reading this passage out loud. The assonance of the long â€Å"a† makes you emphasize the sound as you read it, especially since those are also stressed syllables. (Not sure what a stressed syllable is? Check out our guide to iambic pentameter.) The assonance makes these lines sound forceful, which adds to the lines’ insistent- almost desperate- tone. When it comes to poetry, determining a poem’s tones is an important step to uncovering the work’s themes and messages. In the case of Thomas’ poem, the tone of these lines helps us understand how Thomas feels about death. For him, death isn’t something a person should accept passively- they should fight against it and embrace life as long as possible. So in this instance assonance helps us determine the poem’s tone, which in turn leads us to one of the poem’s major themes! Assonance Examples in Poetry Assonance is a pretty common literary device in poetry, especially because it helps poets shape a work’s rhythm, rhyme, tone, and theme. Let’s read one more poem to see how assonance examples help us analyze a poem and its themes. â€Å"The World Is Too Much With Us† by William Wordsworth The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;Little we see in Nature that is ours;We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon,The winds that will be howling at all hours,And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers,For this, for everything, we are out of tune;It moves us not. - Great God! I'd rather beA Pagan suckled in a creed outworn;So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea;Or hear old Triton blow his wreathà ¨d horn. When you analyze a full poem, there’s a good chance that assonance will only occur in certain parts of the work (rather than from start to finish). So don’t panic if you only find assonance in a few lines. Remember that assonance is often used to draw your attention to a specific moment or set of words, so just think of it as a clue to read that section a little closer. In Wordsworth’s poem, assonance occurs in the very beginning of the poem with the long â€Å"a† and at the end of the poem with the long â€Å"o†. Let’s take a closer look at the poem’s last three lines: Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn; Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea;Or hear old Triton blow his wreathà ¨d horn. This poem is about how people have become too enmeshed with civilization (that focuses on â€Å"getting and spending†) and have lost touch with nature. The assonance in last lines emphasize the poem’s theme and help reinforce the piece’s tone. The long â€Å"o† adds a mournful sound to the concluding lines, which reiterates the forlorn tone of the poem. The assonance also reinforces the speaker’s opinion that the way of the past is better than life in the present. By mentioning Proteus and Triton, two Greek gods, the speaker highlights how the modernization of the world has caused it to lose more than its connection to nature: it’s lost its wonder and mystery, too. Assonance Examples in Prose While assonance is most common in poetry, you can also find assonance in prose. In prose works like novels, short stories, and nonfiction, authors use assonance to make their work more vivid. It helps their ideas leap off the page, and it creates tones and feelings that resonate with readers (just like in poetry)! Here’s an assonance example in literature that demonstrates how it can work outside of poetry. Example : A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man tells the story of the religious and intellectual awakening of Stephen Dedalus, a young man who values beauty and art. Throughout the book, Stephen questions and rebels against the Catholic and Irish conventions of his childhood, and he eventually leaves Ireland for Europe. Given Stephen’s love of art, it’s no surprise that the book often relies on poetic techniques to tell his story. Joyce often uses assonance, which we see in the following line: Soft language issued from their spitless lips as they swished in low circles round and round the field, winding hither and thither through the weeds. The assonance here comes from the repetition of the short â€Å"i,† which occurs eight times in this one sentence! The assonance mimics the sound of whispering, which helps readers experience the â€Å"soft language† Joyce is writing about. Assonance causes this sentence to swish â€Å"in low circles round† the reader, too- which adds to the seductive tone of this short passage. 4 Expert Tips for Analyzing Assonance Now that you know what assonance is, here are a few expert tips to help you find assonance and use it to analyze literature like a pro! Tip 1: Read It Out Loud Assonance is something you hear, rather than something you see. While you can look for similar vowels in words, English is a strange language where pronunciation can vary wildly, even when spelling is almost identical. Take â€Å"laughter† and â€Å"slaughter,† for example. Add one letter...and the pronunciation becomes insanely different! By reading a poem out loud or listening to a recording of it, it becomes a lot easier to find the repetition of vowel sounds. It also is a lot easier to discern how assonance affects the poem’s rhyme, rhythm, and emphasis. Trust us: reading a poem out loud is the best way to find assonance! Tip 2: Look at How Assonance Affects How a Passage Sounds Once you’ve found the assonance, it’s time to think about how it affects the text you’re reading. One way to do this is to start thinking about how assonance contributes to how the passage and/or poem is read. Does it create short, staccato sounds or long, mournful ones? How do these sounds help show readers what the poem is about? For instance, when assonance happens in short words right next to each other (like â€Å"the hard, stark markings on the car assembly line†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) can mimic the sound of factory, whereas longer, spread out assonance (the cool breeze moved along hills and moors) echoes the peacefulness of a breezy day! Tip 3: Examine the Word Choice Assonance only exists if a poet chooses a specific word that contains the same vowel sound as another word. That means each word in an assonant passage is important! Take a minute to examine the words the poet chooses. Are they related to each other in any way? Pull out a dictionary and look up each word. Along with their definition, do the words have connotative, or implied, meanings that change the way you might interpret the passage? How would using a synonym change the meaning of that line? Investigating why a writer uses the words he doesand paying close attention to what those words meancan help you uncover a poem’s important themes. Tip 4: Consider How Assonance Shapes the Poem as a Whole Look at passage, section, sentence, or line that contains the assonance. Like we mentioned before, assonance is often a way for authors to signal that a specific part of their work is important. Keeping that in mind, ask yourself what you think the purpose of that passage is in the overall scheme of the poem. What is the poet saying in this passage? Does it come at a key moment or an important turning point? Often, poets use assonance to make a point, so there’s a good chance they’re using assonance to communicate a specific message or idea! Now What? Remember: the best toolbox is a full toolbox. That’s why it’s important to understand more literary devices than just assonance! Here’s a list of the literary devices everyone should know and another in-depth guide to get you started. If you’re getting ready for the AP Literature exam- and you probably are!- it’s a good idea understand what’s on the test before you take it. That’s why we’ve put together an expert guide to the AP Literature exam that tells you everything you need to know to ace it! One of the most intimidating parts of the AP exam is the written portion, which requires you to use books you’ve read to answer essay prompts. But which books should you read to prepare? Check out this list of the best books to read for the AP Literature exam to help you build the best reading list possible.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Employment and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employment and Society - Essay Example Employment and workplace have several issues attached to it. Here we will be discussing those issues and solutions for them. Before that we will talk on some topics related to employment. With inflation on the high people are going towards better paying jobs each day. To keep their families intact they have to improve the standards of living and that requires some good money. Employees keep switching jobs whenever they get an opportunity. It can be safely said that money is the key to happiness these days and being employed is the source for money, thus it can be concluded that, employment is the key to happiness. But on the same time seeking employment is not an easy task, especially with the increase of experienced manpower and increase in expectation in terms of money. The problem faced by the organization as a result is the increase in turnover rate. Organizations are finding it difficult to contain their skilled employees. In these circumstances adding to the miseries of the organizations is demand for wage growth. Does a person loves his job or is he just stuck because he doesn't have another option In today's competitive environment the answer most of the time would be the latter. Whatever it may be the person should be fair to the job. People most of the time pose to be happy about their job. ... "To do something well you have to like it. That idea is not exactly novel. We've got it down to four words: "Do what you love." But it's not enough just to tell people that. Doing what you love is complicated." (How to Do What you Love, 2006). The sentences above explain my point of view. It's very difficult to find a job that you love, so compromise is the word for us, the working class. And I don't think compromise is too bad either if its not affecting the outcome of the job. Turnover Dilemma The organizations are finding it difficult to keep their employees intact. The turnover rate according to Recruitment, retention and turnover survey for UK this year is 18.3% (cipd, 2006). With the turnover rate being high there is a need to take a look at the factors causing it. It is devastating for a company when an experienced frontline employee leaves. Employee's turnover is costly. Employees are a source for business for an organization and when people start leaving, it will have an effect on the business. The reasons for leaving can vary, but most can be prevented if found out. The most common reason for leaving is money and position. Most of the employees leave the job because the wage other company is offering is more or the company is giving a higher rank. This problem if not totally prevented can be cured little by raising the valued employees salary on an annual basis and giving promotions when they deserve it. Lack of management skill can also be the reason for high turnover. Often overloading of work is seen, other than that favoritism and lack of trust in employee's decision-making can be some results of careless behavior by the management (Smith, n.d). Unemployment When we are talking about employment and the society there is a

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Human Sexuality Extra Credit Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Sexuality Extra Credit Paper - Essay Example While this effect seems negative, the process is positive. Each person in the relationship helps chip away pieces of the other person to reveal the best self. The best ‘sculptor’ in this scenario is one who helps the partner reveal his ideal self just as a sculptor draws the ideal form from the block of granite. The effect becomes negative when one partner tries to mold the other into what he believes she should be. This phenomena is the â€Å"Pygmalion Effect,† and it usually leads to an ineffective relationship. 4. Our text and most other reading that I have done agree with this essay. A positive relationship is one of acceptance between partners. However, it is impossible to have a relationship without the partners having influence on one another. 2. I was interested in this essay because most of the people I know have a Facebook page. I have always believed that a Facebook page is detrimental to a relationship. I do not feel the collapse between private and public life has been good for society, so since this essay dealt with that subject, I read it. 3. The essay confirmed many of my suspicions. In her essay, Haag confirms that â€Å"Facebook intrusion was linked to relationship dissatisfaction† (Haag). The reasons for this effect derived from a multitude of factors. Facebook users were likely to add ex-lovers as friends, they were likely to investigate the lives of their current lovers, and they were likely to be jealous of posts on their lovers’ walls. Facebook makes lovers jealous, even when there is no cause for the jealousy. Additionally, the publication of relationship status on a Facebook page is only linked to an increase in relationship satisfaction for the male in a male-female relationship. All of the jealousy caused by Facebook is a result of the publication of the private life, a phenomena not present in earlier eras. 2. The title

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Types of Advertising Media Essay Example for Free

Types of Advertising Media Essay As we noted in Managing the Advertising Campaign tutorial, selection of the media outlet through which an ad will be presented has important implications for the success of a promotion. Each outlet possesses unique characteristics though not all outlet are equally effective for all advertisers. Thus, choosing the right media can be a time consuming process requiring the marketer to balance the pros and cons of each option. While just a few years ago marketers needed to be aware of only a few media outlets, today’s marketers must be well-versed in a wide range of media options. The reason for the growing number of media outlets lies with advances in communication technology, in particular, the Internet. In this tutorial we provide an overview of the following advertising media: 1. Television 2. Radio 3. Print Publications 4. Internet 5. Direct Mail 6. Signage 7. Product Placement 8. Mobile Devices 9. Sponsorships 10. Other Media Outlets As we discussed in the Advertising Trends section in the Advertisingtutorial, the number of media outlets will continue to grow as new technologies emerge. Thus, marketers are well advised to continually monitor changes occuring within each media outlet. Television Advertising Television advertising offers the benefit of reaching large numbers in a single exposure. Yet because it is a mass medium capable of being seen by nearly anyone, television lacks the ability to deliver an advertisement to highly targeted customers compared to other media outlets. Television networks are attempting to improve their targeting efforts. In particular, networks operating in the pay-to-access arena, such as those with channels  on cable and satellite television, are introducing more narrowly themed programming (i.e., TV shows geared to specific interest groups) designed to appeal to selective audiences. However, television remains an option that is best for products that targeted to a broad market. The geographic scope of television advertising ranges from advertising within a localized geographic area using fee-based services, such as cable and fiber optic services, to national coverage using broadcast programming. Television advertising, once viewed as the pillar of advertising media outlets, is facing numerous challenges from alternative media (e.g., Internet) and the invasion of technology devices, such as digital video recorders (see more in the Advertising Trends section in theAdvertising) tutorial, that have empowered customers to be more selective on the advertisements they view. Additionally, television lacks effective response tracking which has led many marketers to investigate other media that offer stronger tracking options.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Election Reform Amendment Essay -- Campaign Finance Reform, Super PACs

Introduction: In the last election cycle, 132 Americans accounted for sixty percent of all the Super Political Action Committees’ (PACs) money (Lessig 2013). With statistics like this, it is no wonder the average American does not feel as though his or her vote is meaningful. In the scheme of the corruption of political money, it truly isn’t. In the current American way of government elections, the average citizen does not choose the candidate; he or she merely has the opportunity to decipher which best fits his or her beliefs, out of the ones suggested by the large election donors. Since this is what a citizen’s vote currently decides, many Americans feel they are choosing the lesser of two evils when electing a candidate. This is not to say that all elected officials are evil, it just confirms that citizens are not getting the voice they are assured in the Constitution. Year after year incumbents are reelected, but the approval rating of Congress is lower than root canals and head lice (Jensen, 2013). In the 2002 Congressional elections, 94% of the candidates who raised the most money won their races (Ackerman & Ayres, 2002). When these statistics are viewed together, they do not make sense. Why would unpopular incumbents retain their seat in office? The only explanation is funding, and the trend has always been that the candidate with the most funds wins; most notably with incumbents in Congress. Candidates are not all to blame for this happening, a great deal of the problem can be attributed to the way the system has been established. Instead of candidates focusing on key interests, they focus on what will allow them to earn the most money. As Leslie Byrne, former representative from Virginia, was told when coming into ... ...nce (2013). Lester Land: The Corruption of Congress and How to End It. TED Conferences. McPhail, Stuart (2013). "A Million Corporations With a Million Campaign Ads: Citizens United, the People’s Rights Amendment, and the Speech of Non-Persons" Retrieved from http://works.bepress.com/stuart_mcphail/1 Nichols, John, and Robert McChesney (2013). Dollarocracy: How the Money-and-media Election Complex Is Destroying America. New York City: Nation Books. O’Donnell, Ryan (2013). Support for Amending the Constitution to Overturn Citizens United is One-Third of the Way There. Free Speech for People Organization. Retrieved from http://freespeechforpeople.org/node/601 Page, Susan (2012). Why 90 Million Americans Won't Vote in November. USATODAY.COM. USA Today. Retrieved from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2012-08-15/non-voters-obama-romney/57055184/1.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Meaning Of a Family Essay

Everyone has their own meaning of a family. However, all families share some common characteristics that are outlined in a family definition essay. As per the dictionary definition of a family, all its members live in a common house and are linked together with each other economically. All family members are also emotionally linked and have a strong bond. A family consists of adults of both the sexes who are married to each other and have children. A family definition essay must highlight these aspects in an interesting manner and describe each element or constituent of a family. On Getting Family Essay Ideas There are several aspects to a family, such as the intricacies of relations, values, and the love and affection amongst its members. Hence, family essay ideas are also numerous; choices include education, jobs, house work, and the responsibilities and duties of each member. So, to get more interesting family essay ideas and top-quality content for the same, you can seek the expert help of professional writers and writing companies. Custom writing agencies have subject experts who offer guidance in choosing and writing effective essays for all your requirements. Choosing Family Essay Topics Several types of families exist in our society. So, there is ample choice when it comes to writing essays on issues associated with each type of family structure. Family essay topics can cover the family structure, organization, responsibilities and the bond shared among family members. Writing about the family can be an intricate task, which calls for the need of expert help. Professional writers with expertise in different essay writing styles, formats and subjects can help simplify the task of selecting family essay topics and make them more relevant. Writing Essay about Family Writing an essay about family can be a touching experience; albeit a daunting one, as the writer has to effectively express his/her feelings for the family members. The essay about family can focus on instances that depict the family’s togetherness and the bond between its members. One can also write about the family’s contribution during difficult times. For expert help on essay writing in varied subjects, help is right at hand with professional writing services. Companies like BookwormLab.com have a team of specialists to write on a variety of subjects in the most authoritative manner. And you shouldn’t break their heart. From one hand it’s great to be the only child in a family but in some cases it’s not. On the plus side parents always ready to help you but on the contrary when there is too much care it seems not to be good, because you cannot show your independence, do something yourself. Also you can feel lonely and bored. But your parents often do whatever their child want and if it’s necessary they help you and warn. They always spend their time doing something together with child to make him happy or teach something. And you have to appreciate their care and love. Because nobody except them love you so much and know a lot about you. As for me, I am the only child in family. And sometimes I think about how will I live if I have a sister or brother. Sometimes it is so boring to be at home along. I think about my parents, that all my childhood they helped me and did everything for me. But it doesn’t mean that I’m the main person in my family. Family it’s also our grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts, uncles. And the family tree has a long history of generations that sometimes are so ancient that we cannot remember the member of it, the name and occupation. And of coarse we know about our forefathers from our grandparents. As for me it’s really interesting to know who lived before me. And when I begin to ask my parents about forefathers I find for myself a lot of interesting things. For example some features of character which I have or part of appearance. But it’s a pity that I know not a lot of people in my family branch.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Admissions for dental hygine

One book that has greatly influenced my philosophy in life is the Autobiography of Malcolm X: As told to Alex Haley.   I feel that this book has changed my perspective on a lot of things in life, particularly on the value of education.   Malcolm X, while known as a great spokesperson and an influential historical figure, battled against all odds to become the great person that he is today.The sacrifices that he made in order to make the world a better place to live in are greatly appreciated by today’s society.   All of that, he accomplished because he was able to educate himself in his later years.I was at one of the lowest points of my life and everything seemed so bleak.   I had given up on a lot of things in my life and was about to give up my schooling and pursue an alternative career instead.   I realized that Malcolm X was right.There is so much more that one can learn in life and there is no limit to what one can be as long as one approaches things with an op en mind and an eager attitude.   It was this same thinking that led me to pursue my education and the same thinking that brought me to the challenges that I soon had to face.The pursuit of education has never been easy for me.   Having decided that I was going to pursue my education, I had to come to grips with reality and face the responsibilities and challenges of studying.   Places, histories and events were usually destinations for Malcolm X as he read almost every book that he could find.For him, his homemade education had changed his life and he was certain that it could change the lives of others as well.   â€Å"I knew right there in prison that reading had changed forever the course of my life.†Ã‚   This is what has inspired me in the pursuit of my career and my education.Having been working as a Dental Assistant for the past 4  ½ years, I have come to realize realize that as the world continues to change and the workplace becomes more and more challenging and competitive, it becomes imperative for anyone looking for a successful career to not only have the drive to succeed but also the training and expertise to do so.I am not saying that I do not have the training and expertise at the moment but I do believe that there is still room for more.   The rich and diverse academic community at (insert name of school) will definitely be the perfect place for me to learn and be prepared for the challenges that lie ahead.That is why I believe that this course is a crucial step for me.   My success and my accomplishments here will herald the beginning of the fulfillment of my personal and professional goals.   It is said that the one thing that nobody can ever take away from you is your education and that is the one thing that I plan to not only gain for myself but for others as well.Perhaps, one of the most influential events in my life that have pointed me in the direction of Dentistry is my passion for Dental Hygiene.   As such, this has prompted me to continue my studies in this field and eventually enter professional school and pursue a career as a dentist.   I feel that my direction in this course also has to do with my character and my strengths.My most important character strength, in my opinion, is my ability to adapt, accept and learn.   My drive to succeed has been fueled by the experienced that I had early on in life.   Growing up without many benefits in life, I was inspired by the perseverance and dedication that my parents showed.   This provided me with a closer view of what I need to accomplish at an academic level before venturing into private practice of my own, particularly in this highly competitive field.Pursuing my career in Dental Hygiene is just the first step in my plan.  Ã‚   I would like to have the opportunity to take a bigger role in making the world a better place to live.   My main philosophy in life is to lead by setting an example. I cannot expect others to do what I m yself would be willing to do but that does not mean that I cannot hope that others will see the example that I have shown them.This philosophy is one of the many forces that drive me to pursue my dream of pursuing this career and of becoming so much more in life.   The chance to help those who are less fortunate in life, the chance to help people like myself, the opportunity to be of service to humanity; these are the reasons why I have selected this as the profession that I will pursue; for, as Eleanor Roosevelt once said, â€Å"The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

Thursday, November 7, 2019

The Simple Present Tense of Verbs

The Simple Present Tense of Verbs In English grammar, the simple present tense is a form of the verb that refers to an action or event that is ongoing or that regularly takes place in present time. For example, in the sentence he cries easily, the verb cries is an ongoing action that he easily does.   Except in the case of the word be, the simple present is represented in English by either the base form  of the verb like in I sing or the base form plus the third-person singular -s  inflection  as in She sings. A verb in the simple present tense can appear alone as the main verb in a sentence; this finite  verb form is called simple because it doesnt involve aspect. In English grammar, there are seven accepted functions of the usage of the simple present for of verbs: to express permanent states, general truths, habitual actions, live commentary, performative actions, past time or historic present, and future time. Basic Meaningof the Simple Present There are a variety of uses for the simple present in verb conjugation, but mostly it serves to keep the sentence structure itself grounded in the events happening presently, or as they relate to the here and now. Michael Pearces The Rutledge Dictionary of English Language Studies expertly lays out the seven commonly accepted functions of the simple present form of verbs: 1) Permanent state:  Jupiter  is  a very massive planet.2) General truth:  The earth  is  round.3) Habitual action:  Her daughter  works  in Rome.4) Live commentary:  In each case I  add  the two numbers: three plus three  gives  six . . ..5) Performative:  I  pronounce  you man and wife.6) Past time (see historic present):  He  moves  to the window alongside, and  sees  her inside the office moving away from the door. He  shoots  twice through the window and  kills  her.7) Future time:  My flight  leaves  at four thirty this afternoon. In each of these cases, the simple present serves to keep the verb form in the here and now, even when referring to past or future actions, the sentence is grounded in the present by these verbs, but there are more ways than one to express the present. Simple Present Versus Present Progressive As far as English grammar goes, the simple present does not fully function in describing ongoing events and instead the present progressive form of a verb must be used, although the simple present may be accepted colloquially to entail an ongoing action. Laura A. Michaelis describes this relationship through the example of the verb falls in Aspectual Grammar and Past Time Reference, wherein she says present-tense event predications, if intended as reports upon circumstances ongoing at present, must appear in the present progressive. In the instance of he falls, then, the verb may be interpreted as habitual, but it would be better to use he is falling instead. Using the present progressive, therefore, is more correct than using the simple progressive when stating something as ongoing rather than habitual.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Ace Your Medical School Interview

Ace Your Medical School Interview Getting into medical school is no easy task. From challenging pre-med coursework to the MCAT and soliciting recommendation letters, applying to medical school is a marathon-length process. Getting an invitation to interview can feel like a major win and it is but, you still need to impress the admissions committee. Thats why practicing medical school interview questions and answers can be pivotal to your success. Whats exciting about an invitation to interview is that it means that you have been given the message that you excel. The challenge is that everyone invited to interview is in the same boat...everyone looks great on paper. Now your job is to turn that invitation to interview into an invitation to attend. The best way to do that is to prepare. While you might face several types of interview formats, certain questions will nearly always arise. 36 Possible Medical School Interview Questions Consider these 36 common questions you will face in your med school interview. Think of how you would answer them so you are not left figuring out how to respond on the spot, when nerves may interfere. Why do you want to be a doctor?What will you do if you arent accepted to medical school?What makes you special?Identify two of your biggest strengths.Identify two of your biggest weaknesses. How will overcome them?What do you think will be your greatest challenge in completing medical school or learning how to be a doctor? How will you address it?In your view, what is the most pressing problem facing medicine today?How will you pay for medical school?If you could change anything about your education, what would it be?Where else are you applying to medical school?Have you been accepted anywhere?What is your first-choice medical school?If multiple schools accepted you, how would you make your decision?Tell me about yourself.What do you do in your spare time?Why would you be a good doctor?What do you feel are the most important qualities in being a good doctor?What are your hobbies?Are you a leader or a follower? Why?What exposure have you had to the medical profession?Discuss your clin ical experiences. Discuss your volunteer work.What do you think you will like most about practicing medicine?What do you think you will like least about practicing medicine?How are you a good match for our medical school?What are three things you want to change about yourself?What is your favorite subject? Why?What aspect of medical school do you think you will find most challenging?How would you describe the relationship between science and medicine?Where do you see yourself in 10 years?Why do you think you will be successful in coping with the pressure of medical school?Who has most influenced your life so far and why?Why should we choose you?Some say that doctors make too much money. What do you think?Share your thoughts about [insert topic on ethical issues in health care, such as abortion, cloning, euthanasia].Share your thoughts about [insert policy issue such as managed care and changes in the US healthcare system].

Sunday, November 3, 2019

How Children Learn the Sounds of Their Language Essay

How Children Learn the Sounds of Their Language - Essay Example It is evident from the paper that phonological development in children has got various steps, which are equally important. Though the capacity to acquire a language is innate, an assistance and scaffolding are necessary for the children. The discussion highlights the point that as the children are not born talking, they should learn the language. This is actually cannot be called learning, but acquisition of language; learning is artificial and conscious, but acquisition is natural and it is a biologically triggered behaviour. This behaviour is being modified every minute. This modification is done naturally with the exposure they get around them to acquire language. The discussion on the delayed speech and factors influencing phonological development sounds very significant. As communication is the pedestal of life such a study of phonological development is very constructive and ever relevant. The discussion on phonological development cannot be paused anywhere as it has a lot of interrogative dimensions. The theories mentioned in this paper indicate the role of phonological development in the cognitive expansion of the children. Verbal communication, which is the possession of human beings only, has a pivotal role in the overall development of them. It is communication that unfastens the ties which deny entrance to the world of knowledge and all that is obligatory in human life.

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Why Do We Have to Die in Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why Do We Have to Die in Games - Essay Example We may pay an amount, or accept a game setback to come back from the jaws of death, to resume our place in the game. Likewise, at the end of the article too, she suggests that those who play video games and are attacked by laser-gun carrying space-men should realize that being riddled with bullets does imply a finality, and not merely that this eventuality could get them teleported to the local Starbucks for a cappuccino. We may draw the inference from this, that what Bevan suggests is that video-games should (perhaps) not use 'death' but some other means for eliminating players. In the course of discussing video games, Bevan also looks at how other media or means of entertainment/ games deal with the issue of eliminating players. For instance, in traditional 'games'. Team games have set rules and a time frame. According to these rules, players are eliminated so that within the given time a particular team is enabled to be declared 'winner'. This finite time frame copies real life. Though the elimination of players according to the rules of the game in no way resembles death. Also, in a game like a tennis, it is possible to lose a set, yet come back to win a match. Bevan also looks at how the theme of death is played out on stage or on the screen. Here, the audience goes through a process of identification with the protagonist. In the case of an action movie, quite often the 'hero' gets pummeled by the bad guys and is close to death before he suddenly gets energized enough to come back at them, to win the day. However, Bevan does not explicitly mention a vital difference in the roles of a person watching a play and a person playing a video game. In a play, the audience and the player are separate entities. The outcome cannot be affected by the audience. (In a reality show like 'Big Boss-as Bevan mentions-the audience can affect the outcome, but the connection between the vote of a single member of the audience and this outcome-Bevan doesn't mention this is tenuous.) In a video game, the player is both the audience and co-creator of the outcome. This is an important difference between a video game and a play/movie, which leads to different level s of psychological involvement in the game and its outcome, on the part of the player. To that extent, a video game becomes more true-to-life. Bevan mentions the three goals of playing video games-endogenous, exogenous and diegetic. Endogenous goals exist in all games-these are the goals sought to be achieved as per the rules of the game. (For instance, in chess, the endogenous goal of each player is to check-mate her opponent and avoid being checkmated). An exogenous goal comes from without. I may play a game to win money, or to humiliate my opponent and so on. The exogenous motive is not inherent in the game itself. Diegetic goals are those that a player seeks to achieve when he role-plays. When a game has several characters with their own defined personality, the player who assumes a role tries to achieve the goals as if he were actually the role he was playing. This involves subsuming my personality to take on the one as defined by a role, given in the game.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Using an example from the leisure industry, e.g. airline travel, to Essay

Using an example from the leisure industry, e.g. airline travel, to what extent will a high degree of competition in a market result in lower prices for the consumers - Essay Example With such competitions, especially healthy ones, the businesses are forced to jointly manipulate their products’ and services’ prices in order to cope up with the market forces and customer demands (Peter, 1987, p. 57). The end results of such healthy competitions is lowering of commodity or service’s prices, which is a great advantage to the end consumers. This paper will thereby analyse the trends within the entire leisure industry, but narrow down to give a close attention to the airline travel business (Wilkerson, 2003, p. 46), and the market competitions that result to the lowering of prices. With regards to recreation as a business segment within leisure industry, humans tend to spend much of their time in activities of daily work, living, social duties, sleep, and leisure as a whole (Thomas,1970, p. 16). The later outcome being free from aforementioned commitments of social or physiologic needs, which are recreational prerequisites. According to Klaus & Christine (2004, p. 92), leisure increases with increase in longevity, as many people spend more hours on physical and economic survival. Other aspects accounting for the increasing role of recreation within the society include population trends, affluence, as well as the increasing commercialization of leisure activities and offerings (Thomas,1970, p. 19). While several people’s perception is that leisure is simply a spare time or unconsumed time left by the living necessities (McLean& Rogers, 2005, p. 201), most scholars hold that leisure is a strong force that pushes individuals to reconsider and reflect on th e realities and values missed in daily life activities. Thus, recreation or leisure remains the most essential element of individual’s development, as well as civilization (Thomas,1970, p. 21). Another segment of leisure is entertainment, which is a form of activity performed to hold the attention and interest of a target audience, or in simple terms, to give delight and

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Irish Potato Famine Causes and Consequences

Irish Potato Famine Causes and Consequences The Irish Potato Famine was a taxing event in Irish history that claimed millions of casualties. Often referred to as the Greatest Disaster to have struck Ireland, the direct cause of the famine was due to the Potato Blight that ruined many harvests and driving the Irish population into hunger and starvation. As a result, many Irish immigrated in large numbers into the mainland of Great Britain, Canada, and the United States. The famine can be attributed as a reason for creating the early foundations of the Irish communities in America (Allan 5). However, the effects of the famine could have been extenuated had the English approached the problem differently. The English dislike for the Irish and establishment of land laws drove the Irish into a financial crisis which led the Irish into being solely dependent on the potato. This continued dependency worsened the impact of the famine (Connell 281). To properly understand why the famine ravaged the Irish population so much, one must fir st understand the historical relationship between the Irish and the English and how the potato fits into the picture. From the very beginning, the Irish and the English conflicted with each other. King Henry II of England in 1171 took advantage of fighting in Ireland to annex the island within the kingdom. However, unlike the Scottish and Welch, Ireland never wanted to coexist under the English rule. Ireland was also geographically, linguistically, and culturally distanced from England which affected its ability to work with lawmakers to keep Irish interests (Allan 7). During the spread of the protestant reformation in the 16th century Europe, religious differences between the Roman Catholic Irish and the eventual Protestant England worsened the mutual perception of each other. This gap in the relationship also had serious international diplomatic consequences as the Catholic Irish favored other Catholic nations who were often Englands enemies in this religious war. Subduing the Catholic Ireland became a very important objective to the Protestant English Crown amidst these religious wars. The period of the Tudor Conquest was a very bloody one and victory to subdue Ireland had been achieved under Elizabeth I. However, enforcing Protestantism proved to be a difficult endeavor for the later regime (Pelling 2). In lieu of using aggressive force like Elizabeth I, James I used more subtle tactics. Instead of forcibly converting the Irish Catholic into Protestants openly, he sent hordes of Protestants from England and Scotland to settle Ireland. Inevitably, this deeply hurt the English-Irish relationship and led to frequent bouts of violence throughout the 17th century. After the defeat of the Catholic James II of Boyne, a ruling Protestant class emerged out of Ireland and was supported by a collection of discriminatory laws passed, between 1620-1728, to repress Catholicism. These laws restricted Catholics from participating in politics, holding official positions, buying or inheriting land. The bishops were also subject to these laws often experiencing banishment or being forced to register and practice preaching in very limited regions. These laws were somewhat successful in converting the Catholics who wanted to escape persecution which reaffirmed the efficacy of James plan (Pelling 3). How ever, the rest of the Catholic population suffered in poverty due to the severity of these penal laws. The penal laws made it nearly impossible for Catholics to own land. As a result, most rented land from Protestant land owners. The landowners generally preferred to live in their estates and left the management of the land to agents. These agents, interested in making a profit, would rent out smaller plots of land at higher prices to the tenants. At the bottom of this hierarchy was the Irish peasant who was burdened with growing enough food for subsistence and paying the highest rent per unit of land. The introduction of the potato allowed poor Irishmen to access nutrients necessary for development not only for themselves but also for their livestock (Wong). The first Irish potatoes, grown by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1588, were introduced to the farming community. Eventually it made its way to Ireland where Irishmen quickly adopted the versatility of this crop. Before the potato, the Irish typically consumed grain and milk. The problem with these is that milk often becomes easily accessible if one has large plots of lands that allow livestock to easily graze. However, this was not the case for the sixteenth century Irish as land was constantly being captured and redistributed. The oats and grains in this case took longer to grow and poor people did not have the means to process these grains. The potato replaced grains and milk as an easy to store, easy to access alternative. Not only that, the potato could also be easily prepared by boiling it. Even in cases when Irish tenants faced confiscation during failure to pay rent, the potato could be easily hidden by burying it underground unlike the grain. Displaced people could re-grow potatoes f aster than they could with grain. Despite their situation, as long as the climate and the soil favored the potato, they could grow it without much difficulty. The potato dependency of the Irish grew out of desperate need to keep oneself and the family alive (Connell 282-3). The potato proved to be a very easily attainable crop whose nourishing effects will be seen on the Irish population over a period of time. For a very long time, the potato grew well enough in Ireland to increase the population. From 1750 to 1840, the population nearly tripled from 2.6 million to 8.5 million people. However, these increases were noticed in areas where Irish peasants grew potatoes because potatoes yielded more food per acre of land compared to any other crop. However, it would be these parts of the population that would be most affected by the potato blight (ONeill 35-6). The main culprit behind the potato famine was the Phytophthora infestans which is an oomycete. An oomycete is a fungus-like eukaryote. Not to be confused with fungus, oomycetes are responsible for some of the most devastating plant diseases-the Potato Blight being one of them (Sleigh 289). The Potato Blight spores favor warm and wet conditions. Rain and wind also play a part in helping the spores travel and infect plants over long distances. Even if the infection sets in, the early stages of blight can be easily missed as not all the plants are infected simultaneously. Signs of the blight can be seen as dark patches on the leaf of the plant. Whitish mold begins to form on the leaves and the infected tubers appear botched. Overall, the plant and its tubers begin to rot (Koepsell and Pscheidt 165). The Phytophthora infestans originated from the highlands to central Mexico. The first recorded incidence involving the blight was in the United States in 1843. The winds from the United Stat es carried the spores toward Nova Scotia which traveled across the Atlantic Ocean with a shipment of seed potatoes in 1845 heading toward Europe (Reader). Once the Blight was in Europe, it spread throughout many parts of Northern and Central Europe. By 1845 Belgium, Holland, northern France and southern England had all been stricken. (Donnelly 42). In 1845, the crops lost to the Blight have been estimated to be 50-60% (Kinealy 32). The Irish rural were hit the hardest in 1846 and that is when deaths were recorded due to starvation. This trend had a catastrophic impact for people who were completely dependent on the potato for food (Kennedy et. al 69). Not only did the Irish starve, they were faced with evictions as a result of failure to come up with proper rent payments. Poor response from the English government did not remedy the problem either. Michel, a political journalist and national activist, wrote on the English Rule on March 7, 1846 that the Irish were expecting famine day by day and owed it not to the rule of heaven as to the greedy and cruel policy of England. In the same article, he continued to write that the people believe that the season as they roll are but ministers of Englands rapacity; that their starving children cannot sit down to their scanty meal but they see the harpy claw of England in their dish. Mitchel wrote that the Irish simply watched as their food rotted away at the same time heavy-laden ships, freighted with the yellow corn their own hands have sown and reaped, spreading all sail for England (Mitchel). In The Last Conquest of Ireland (Perhaps), written by Mitchel in 1861, it treated the British policies toward the famine as a method to deliberately wipe out the Irish and circulated the famous phrase, The Almighty, indeed, send the potato blight, but the English created the Famine (Mitchel). Re cords indicate that Ireland exported food even during the worst of the famine. When Ireland experienced a famine in the early 1780s, the government responded by banning any exports which caused the food prices to drop quickly. However, in the case of this famine, no bans were seen in the 1840s (Kinealy 354). Cecil Woodham-Smith, author of The Great Hunger; Ireland 1845-1849, wrote that food exports in the face of the famine caused greater tensions between the Irish-English relationship. Nothing made the Irish angrier than the indisputable fact that huge quantities of food were exported from Ireland to England throughout the period when the people of Ireland were dying of starvation. Woodham-Smith notes that Ireland continued to be a net exporter of food throughout most of the famine (Ranelagh 115). Not only did the lack of an export ban hurt the Irish condition but the unwillingness of the English government to directly cull the problem made the effects of the famine worse. Lyons describes the English response to the first phase of the famine to be successful (Lyons 30). In response to the crop failure of 1845, Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel bought hundred thousand British pounds worth of corn from America. However, the shipment was delayed by weather conditions and did not arrive until 1846. Once the shipment had arrived, the corn had not been ground into its edible form. In order to do this, it would be a long process and the Irish would not be able to carry it out locally due to the lack of means (Kinealy 38). Peel also motioned to repeal the tariffs on the grain to lower their prices. However, it did not remedy the problem. As the famine continued to grow worse in 1846, the conservative party split on the issue and Peel was forced to resign on June 29 (Ranelagh 115). Peel was succeeded by Lord John Russell who incompetently acted towards the famine and worsening the humanitarian crisis. Russell and his ministry enacted a public works project with the goal of employing as many Irish as possible. However, the project proved to be difficult to handle (Kinealy 80). Under Russells ministry, Sir Charles Trevelyan served in charge of administering famine relief. His lack of action and prejudice toward the Irish was widely believed to worsen the famine (Lyons 30-4) . Trevelyan perceived the famine as mechanism for reducing surplus population and characterized the famine to be The judgment of God sent the calamity to teach the Irish a lesson, that calamity must not be too much mitigatedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The real evil with which we must contend is not the physical evil of the Famine but the moral evil of the selfish, perverse and turbulent character of the people (ORiorden). The new Russell ministry then strictly followed the laissez-faire belief which led to a stop of the government based food and relief which left many people without work, food, or money (Woodham-Smith 408-11) . After abandoning these projects, relief was primarily supplied through workhouses and soup kitchens. However, the cost of carrying these projects fell on local hands, primarily on the landlords who would in turn evict the tenants to avoid carrying out this responsibility (Lyons 33). Landlords were responsible for paying on behalf of tenants who paid less than  £ 4 in annual rent. Consequently, landlords who housed many poorer tenants caused them to be a liability. To solve this issue, landlords began evicting tenants from the smaller plots to clear any debt. According to James Donnelly Jr., almost 250,000 people were evicted between 1849 and 1854 (Poirteir 155). In West Clare alone, landlords evicted families by the thousands. After Clare, County Mayo evictions accounted for 10% of all evictions between this time. One of the worst evictors being Earl of Lucan who purportedly owned over 60,000 acres of land, evicted around 2,000 tenants and used the empty land for grazing (Litton 96). In response to this, violence occasionally broke out against the landlords. Lord Clarendon appealed to Russell out of fear of a revolt but was ignored because Russell held them mostly responsible. Russell was quoted saying It is quite true that landlords in England would not like to be shot like hares and partridgesbut neither does any landlord in England turn out fifty persons at once and burn their houses over their heads, giving them no provision for the future. Despite Russells disagreement over the issue, the Crime and Outrage Act was passed in the December of 1847 to cull any additional rebellions (Litton 98-99). Another example of unwise policy making under Russell ministrys wing was the Gregory clause. Donnelly describes it to be a particularly vicious amendment to the Irish Poor Law which would prevent certain tenants who had more than quarter-acre of land from receiving any assistance. The Gregory clause was welcomed by the poor law commissioners who saw it as an easy way out of administering relief. However, many, including Donnelly, would agree that this clause was indirectly a death-dealing instrument (Donnelly 110). In the light of the circumstances created by the famine, many Irish families resorted to emigration which paved one of the early f oundations of the Irish American communities. During the famine, the Irish emigrated to England, Scotland, the United States, Canada, and Australia. Traveling such distances was not without a price. It is estimated that one out of five died from disease and malnutrition and mortality rates of 30% on the coffin ships were not unusual (The Shiplist). Due to starvation, evictions, and sub-human living conditions, about 2 million left Ireland by 1854. Most Irish immigrants in America made up a significant population in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore by 1850s. The 1851 census report indicated large influx of the Irish in Toronto, Ontario making up over a half of their population. Canadian cities such as Saint John, Quebec city, Montreal, Ottawa, and Hamilton also experienced a sharp influx of Irish immigrants (Gray 97-9). Although some Irish managed to escape the famine, not everyone had the opportunity or the means to do so. Many, unfortunately, lost their lives to the famine. It isnt known how many exactly died during the Famine but it is believed that more died from diseases than from starvation. Official record keeping by the government had not yet started and the Roman Catholic Church records were not complete either (The General Register Office). However, many eye witness accounts suggested some characteristics of the famine and diseases that afflicted the Irish. English Quaker William Bennett in Mayo wrote about three children huddled together, lying there because they were too weak to rise, pale and ghastly, their little limbsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦perfectly emaciated, eyes sunk, voice gone, and evidently in the last stages of actual starvation. Marasmic children, who suffered from a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition, greatly disturbed Quaker Joseph Crosfield who witnessed, in 1846, a heart-rending scene of poor wretches in the last stages of famine imploring to be received into the house. Some of the children were worn to skeletons, their features sharpened with hunger, and their limbs wasted almost to the bone. It has been a difficult task for historians to predict a close number of lives lost to the famine due to poor record keeping. The disputed information gathered by the census commissioners for deaths occurred since 1841 found that there were 21,770 deaths that occurred from starvation and 400,720 deaths from disease. The diseases thought to have caused these deaths were fever, dysentery, cholera, smallpox, and influenza. The census commissioners remarked that The greater the amount of destitution of mortality, the less will be the amount of recorded deaths derived from any household form;-for not only were whole families swept away by disease, but whole villages were effaced from off the land. (Kennedy,et.al 106) Historians also believe that it is a reasonable scenario for disease to be so rampant considering the living conditions of the Irish during the famine. The most important factor towards spreading diseases is enabling human contact under unsanitary conditions. Mass gatherings at the soup kitchens and work houses served as ideal conditions for pathogens to spread from one person to another. Many diseases also afflicted the Irish due to malnutrition. Nutritional induced illnesses were starvation, marasmus (protein deficiency), and Dropsy (Edema). What made these diseases worse is that non-nutritional dependent diseases manifested severely in starved people than they would in otherwise normal individuals (Kennedy, et al. 104). Keeping all these conditions in mind, a likely estimate of deaths were approximated to one million from disease and starvation. Another million have been believed to have emigrated out of Ireland. As a result, some scholars estimate that the Irish population was reduced by 20 to 25 percent (H. Kennedy 43). Even after the famine had past, it still continued to affect the Irish political scene and still continues to be a controversial event in Irish history. The poor British policies toward the famine stirred unforgivable and unforgettable anger within the Irish. Many Irish who emigrated to the United States quickly became part of associations that favored Irelands independence and repeal of the Act of Union. The famine and its causes became the main foundation of Irish emigrant anger. Most of them viewed it to be the reason for leaving Ireland in the first place. John Mitchel, journalist for the Nation, expressed the emigrants angry sentiments when he wrote: The Almighty indeed sent the potato blight but the English created the famine, a million and half men, women, children were carefully, prudently, and peacefully slain by the English government. They died of hunger in the midst of abundance which their own hands created. (Mitchel, English Rule) As a result, these sentiments ignited the desire for Ireland to secede from Englands grasp. After a failed 1848 rebellion (also known as the Famine rebellion) led by the Young Irelanders, some of the members fled to America. In the absence of British restrictions, the Young Irelanders encouraged anti-British sentiments and began another group referred to as the Fenian Brotherhood and its Irish counterpart being the Irish Republican Brotherhood devoted toward eradicating the British rule from Ireland. This Brotherhood also went so far as to recruit the Irish Americans who served in the Civil War to take part in an insurrection in Ireland. However, this plan would fail due to poor communications. However, this did not discourage the Irish from advancing the cause for independence. This time, the Irish Revolutionaries chose to pursue a movement that was grassroots although Irish American help would not be turned away (The History Place). The fight for independence would continue well in to the 20th century still fueled by what the Irish, and some historians, believe to be a man-made famine. Even in modern times, some historians suggest that the British inaction classifies the famine as an attempt to systematically wipe out the Irish. Francis A. Boyle, a law professor of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, wrote in 1996 a report that the English government attempted to ethnically cleanse the Irish through enforcing policies aimed to hurt the Irish as a group (Ritschel). Historian Peter Duffy wrote that The governments crime, which deserves to blacken its name forever was based in the effort to regenerate Ireland by landlord-engineered replacement of tillage plots with grazing lands that took precedence over the obligation to provide food for its starving citizens. It is little wonder that the policy looked to many people like genocide. (Duffy 297-8) However, historians such as Cormac O Grada assert that the Famine should not be considered a genocide because the sentiment to exterminate the Irish as a group of people was absent. O Grada, instead, claims that the F amine was an extreme case of neglect and poor decision making on the English governments part (O Grada 10).